Pamusoro pezvinhu zvinogadzirisa mafambiro ebasa, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirisa mafambiro ebasa, zvakaita sehukuru hwemugero nehukuru hwemukana, kona yekutsvedza kweelectrode nechishandiso chebasa, uye nzvimbo yejoini, zvinogonawo kukanganisa kuumbwa kweweld nehukuru hweweld.
Simba reWelding Current pakugadzirwa kweWeld
Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, sezvo arc welding current ichiwedzera, kudzika kwekupinda nekusimbiswa kwe weld seam kunowedzera, uye hupamhi hwe weld hunowedzera zvishoma. Zvikonzero ndeizvi:
1) Sezvo simba rekupinza welding re arc welding richiwedzera, simba re arc rinoshanda pa weldment rinowedzera, kupisa kwe arc ku weldment kunowedzera, uye nzvimbo yekupisa inodzika pasi, izvo zvinoita kuti kupisa kupfuure munzira yakadzika yedziva rakanyungudutswa uye zvinowedzera kudzika kwekupinda. Kudzika kwekupinda kwakaenzana ne welding current. Kudzika kwe weld penetration H kwakaenzana ne Km × I. Mufomura, Km ndiyo penetration coefficient (nhamba yemamilimita iyo weld penetration depth inowedzera kana welding current yawedzerwa ne100 A), iyo ine chekuita nenzira ye arc welding, dhayamita yewaya, rudzi rwe current, nezvimwewo sezvakaratidzwa muTafura 1-1.
| nzira dzekushongedza arc | dhayamita yeelectrode/mm | welding current/A | voltage/V | kumhanya kwekushongedza/mh-1 | chiyero chekupinda mukati/m m-100A-1 |
kushongedza arc ye tungsten argon | 3.2 | 100~350 | 10~16 | 6~18 | 0.8~1.8 |
| | 1.6 kuvhura kwemuromo | 50~100 | 20~26 | 10~60 | 1.2~2 |
| 3.4 kuvhura kwemuromo | 220~300 | 28~36 | 18~30 | 1.5~2.4 |
welding ye arc iri pasi pemvura | 2 | 200~700 | 32~40 | 15~100 | 1.0~1.7 |
| 5 | 450~1200 | 34~44 | 30~60 | 0.7~1.3 |
kusanganisa electrode argon arc welding | 1.2~2.4 | 210~550 | 24~42 | 40~120 | 1.5~1.8 |
| Kukwesha CO2 | 0.8~1.6 | 70~300 | 16~23 | 30~150 | 0.8~1.2 |
| 2~4 | 500~900 | 35~45 | 40~80 | |
Tafura 1-1 Kudzika kwehudzamu hwekunyungudutsa Km kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza arc uye maparamita (simbi yekusanganisa)
2) Kumhanya kwekunyunguduka kwesimbi yewelding core kana welding wire mu arc welding kunoenderana ne welding current. Sezvo kuwedzera kwe welding current mu arc welding kuchikonzera kuwedzera kwekumhanya kwekunyunguduka kwesimbi yewelding, huwandu hwe welding wire hwakanyunguduka hunowedzera zvakaenzana, nepo hupamhi hwe weld huchiwedzera hushoma, saka weld reinforcement inowedzera.
3) Kana simba rekuwelda rawedzera, dhayamita yekoramu yearc inowedzera. Zvisinei, kudzika kwearc inopinda mu workpiece kunowedzera, uye nzvimbo yekufamba kwearc spot inogumira. Nokudaro, kuwedzera kwehupamhi hweweld kudiki.
Mukugadzira gasi resimbi isina simba (MIG) kana simba remagetsi richikwira, kudzika kwesimba remagetsi kunowedzera. Kana simba remagetsi richikwira zvakanyanya uye huwandu hwemagetsi hwakanyanya kukwira, simba remagetsi rinowanzoita seminwe, kunyanya kana tichigadzira aruminiyamu.
Simba remagetsi e arc pakuumbwa kwe weld
Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kana voltage ye arc yakawedzerwa, simba re arc rinowedzera, uye kupisa kunopinda mu weldment kunowedzerawo. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kwevoltage ye arc kunowanikwa nekuwedzera urefu hwe arc. Kuwedzera kwehurefu hwe arc kunotungamira mukuwedzera kwe radius ye arc heat source uye kuwedzera kwe arc heat dissipation. Nekuda kweizvozvo, simba rekupinda mu weldment rinoderera, saka kudzika kwekupinda kunoderera zvishoma nepo hupamhi hwe weld bead huchiwedzera. Panguva imwe chete, sezvo welding current isingachinji uye huwandu hwekunyunguduka kwe weld wire husina kuchinja, kusimbiswa kwe weld bead kunoderera.
Panzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekubatanidza arc, kuti pave nekuumbwa kweweld kwakakodzera, ndiko kuti, kuchengetedza coefficient yakakodzera yekubatanidza weld formation φ. Paunenge uchiwedzera magetsi ekubatanidza welding, magetsi e arc anofanira kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera. Zvinodiwa kuti magetsi e arc nemagetsi ekubatanidza zvive nehukama hwakakodzera. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika mumagetsi ekubatanidza arc emagetsi anodyiwa.
Kukurumidza kwewelding pakuumbwa kwewelding
Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kuwedzera kumhanya kwewelding kuchaita kuti kupisa kwewelding kudzikire, nokudaro zvichideredza hupamhi hweweld bead uye kupinda kwayo. Sezvo huwandu hwesimbi yewaya yakaiswa pahurefu hweweld huchienderana nekumhanya kwewelding, zvinoitawo kuti kuwedzere kusimbaradzwa kweweld bead.
Kumhanya kwewelding chiratidzo chakakosha chekuongorora kugona kwewelding. Kuti uvandudze kugona kwewelding, kumhanya kwewelding kunofanirwa kuwedzerwa. Zvisinei, kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti saizi yeweld inodiwa mukugadzirwa kwechimiro, uku uchiwedzera kumhanya kwewelding, welding current uye arc voltage zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa zvinoenderana. Huwandu uhu hutatu hwakabatana. Panguva imwe chete, zvinofanirwawo kufungwa kuti pakuwedzera welding current, arc voltage, uye welding speed (ndiko kuti, uchishandisa welding arc ine simba guru uye welding speed high welding), zvikanganiso zvewelding zvakaita sekuchekwa pasi uye kuputika zvinogona kuitika panguva yekuumbwa kwedziva rakanyungudutswa uye maitiro ekusimba kwedziva rakanyungudutswa. Nokudaro, kuwedzera kwekumhanya kwewelding kwakaganhurirwa.
Kukanganiswa kwemhando yemagetsi ekuwelda uye saizi ye polarity uye electrode pakuumbwa kweweld
1. Mhando uye polarities yewelding current
Mhando dzemagetsi ekuwelda dzinokamurwa kuita magetsi akananga nemagetsi achinjana. Pakati padzo, magetsi ekuwelda arc anopatsanurwa kuita magetsi akananga asingaperi uye magetsi anofamba zvichienderana nekuti pane pulse here mumagetsi; anopatsanurwa kuita magetsi akananga (weldment yakabatana ne positive) uye magetsi akananga (weldment yakabatana ne negative) zvichienderana ne polarity. Alternating current arc welding inopatsanurwa kuita magetsi ane simba remagetsi ...
Kana tungsten inert gas arc welding ichishandiswa kusanganisa zvinhu zvesimbi zvakaita sesimbi netitanium, weld inopinda yakadzika kana direct current yakabatana munzira yakanaka, inopinda yakaderera kana direct current yakabatana nenzira yekumashure, uye alternating current iri pakati pezviviri. Sezvo weld inopinda yakadzika kana direct current yakabatana nenzira yakanaka uye tungsten electrode isina kurasikirwa zvakanyanya nekupisa, direct current positive connection inofanira kushandiswa kana tungsten inert gas arc welding ichishandiswa kusanganisa zvinhu zvesimbi zvakaita sesimbi netitanium. Kana pulsed direct current welding ichishandiswa mu tungsten inert gas arc welding, sezvo pulse parameters inogona kugadziriswa, saizi yekuumbwa kweweld inogona kudzorwa sezvinodiwa. Kana tungsten inert gas arc welding ichishandiswa kusanganisa aluminium, magnesium, uye alloys dzavo, zvakakosha kushandisa cathode cleaning effect ye arc kuchenesa oxide film pamusoro pesimbi yepasi. Alternating current iri nani. Sezvo waveform parameters ye square wave alternating current inogona kugadziriswa, welding effect iri nani.
Mukusanganisa arc yesimbi yegesi, kana direct current yakabatana nereverse, kupinda kweweld nehupamhi hweweld zvese zvakakura kupfuura zviri mu direct current positive connection. Kupinda neupamhi hwe alternating current welding zviri pakati pezviviri. Nokudaro, mukusanganisa arc yesimbi ...
2. Simba remupendero wetip electrode ye tungsten, dhayamita yewaya yekuwedera uye urefu hwekuwedzera
Kona uye chimiro chemberi kwe electrode ye tun, gsten zvine simba guru pakuwanda kwe arc ne arc pressure. Zvinofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana ne welding current uye ukobvu hwe workpiece. Kazhinji, arc yakanyanyisa uye arc pressure yakakura, kudzika kwekupinda kwacho kwakawedzera, nepo hupamhi hwe weld huchidererawo.
Mukugadzira arc welding yesimbi yegesi, kana welding current isingachinji, welding wire yakatetepa, arc heating inowedzera kudzika, uye hupamhi hwe weld hunoderera. Zvisinei, pakusarudza welding wire dhayamita mumapurojekiti chaiwo e welding, current magnitude uye weld pool morphology zvinofanirawo kufungwa nezvazvo kudzivirira weld formation isina kunaka.
Kana kureba kwewaya mu welding yesimbi yegesi kuchiwedzera, kupisa kwekudzivirira kunokonzerwa ne welding current inopfuura nepakati pewaya kunowedzera, izvo zvinoita kuti kumhanya kwekunyunguduka kwewaya kuwedzere. Nokudaro, weld reinforcement inowedzera, nepo kudzika kwekupinda kuchiderera zvishoma. Nekuda kwe resistivity yakakura yewaya dzesimbi dze welding, simba rewaya rekuwedzera pakuumbwa kwe weld rinonyatsooneka mukuwelding nesimbi newaya dzakapfava. Resistivity yewaya dze aruminiyamu dze welding idiki, saka simba rayo harina kukosha. Kunyangwe kuwedzera urefu hwewaya hwe weld kuchigona kuvandudza wire melting coefficient, tichifunga zvizere nezve mativi ekugadzikana kwewaya uye weld formation, pane musiyano unobvumidzwa wehurefu hwewaya hwe extension.
Simba rezvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzeresa maitiro pakugadzira weld
Kuwedzera kune zvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirisa welding, zvakaita sehukuru hwe groove nehukuru hwe gap, angle yekutsvedza kwe electrode ne workpiece, uye nzvimbo yejoinhi, zvinogonawo kukanganisa kuumbwa kwe weld nehukuru hwe weld.
1. Mugero nemukaha
Pakusanganisa majoini emapato nemagetsi, kazhinji zvinoonekwa kana paine mukana wekuchengetedza gap, saizi yegap uye chimiro che groove zvichienderana neukobvu hwe welding plate. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, saizi ye groove kana gap yakakura, simba re weld weld rinoderera, izvo zvakaenzana nekudonha kwenzvimbo ye weld. Panguva ino, fusion ratio inoderera. Naizvozvo, kusiya gap kana kuvhura groove kunogona kushandiswa kudzora saizi yekusimbisa uye kugadzirisa fusion ratio. Zvichienzaniswa nekusiya gap uye kusasiya gap uye kuvhura groove, mamiriro ekupisa evaviri akasiyana zvishoma. Kazhinji, mamiriro ekristaro ekuvhura groove akanaka.
2. Kutsvedza kweElectrode (waya yekuwelding)
Munguva yekubatanidza arc, zvichienderana nehukama huripo pakati penzira yekutsvedza kwe electrode nenzira yekutsvedza, yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: electrode forward inclination uye electrode backward inclination. Kana waya yekutsvedza yakatsvedza, arc axis inotsvedzawo zvinoenderana. Kana waya yekutsvedza yakatsvedza mberi, simba re arc pakuburitsa simbi yakanyungudutswa kumashure rinodzikira. Rutivi rwesimbi yemvura pasi pedziva rakanyungudutswa runova rwakakora, kudzika kwekupinda kunodzikira, kudzika kwainopinda arc mu weldment kunodzikira, nzvimbo yekufamba kwe arc spot inowedzerwa, upamhi hwe weld hunowedzerwa, uye simba rekusimbisa rinodzikira. Kana angle yekutsvedza yemberi α yewaya yekutsvedza ikava diki, simba iri rinoonekwa zvakanyanya. Kana waya yekutsvedza yakatsvedza kumashure, mamiriro acho ezvinhu akasiyana. Mukutsvedza kwesimbi yakadzivirirwa, nzira yekutsvedza ye electrode backward inclination inonyanya kushandiswa, uye angle yekutsvedza α iri pakati pe65° ne80° yakakodzera.
3. Kutsvedza kwechidimbu chekunamira
Kutsvedza kwesimbi kunowanzoonekwa mukugadzirwa chaiko uye kunogona kukamurwa kuita kutsvedza kwesimbi kukwira nekutsvedza kwesimbi. Panguva ino, pasi pesimba regiravhiti, simbi yakanyungudutswa yedziva inowanzo yerera ichidzika nemukwidza. Mukutsvedza kwesimbi kukwira, simba rinokwevera pasi rinobatsira kuburitsa simbi yakanyungudutswa yedziva kumuswe wedziva rakanyungudutswa, saka kupinda kwacho kwakadzika, hupamhi hwesimbi hwakatetepa, uye simba rinosimbiswa rakakwirira. Kana kona yekukwira α iri 6° kusvika 12°, simba rinosimbiswa rakakura kwazvo, uye zvidimbu zvinogadzirwa zviri nyore kumativi ese. Mukutsvedza kwesimbi kudzika, izvi zvinodzivirira simbi yakanyungudutswa yedziva kuti isaburitswe kumuswe wedziva rakanyungudutswa. Arc haigone kupisa simbi yakadzika pasi pedziva rakanyungudutswa, kupinda kwacho kunoderedzwa, nzvimbo inofamba yenzvimbo yesimbi inowedzerwa, hupamhi hwesimbi hunowedzerwa, uye simba rinoderedzwa. Kana kona yekutsvedza kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa yakakura kwazvo, zvichaita kuti simbi yemvura yakanyungudutswa isakwane uye iwedzere.
4. Zvinhu zvekunamira uye ukobvu
Kupinda kwesimbi yeWeld kwakabatana ne welding current uye zvakare ne thermal conductivity uye volumetric heat capacity yezvinhu. Kana thermal conductivity yezvinhu iri nani uye volumetric heat capacity yakakura, kupisa kwakawanda kunodiwa kuti simbi inyunguduke uye kukwidza tembiricha nechiyero chakafanana. Saka, pasi pemamwe mamiriro akadai se welding current, kudzika kwekupinda uye weld hupamhi kunoderera. Kuwanda kwe density kana liquid viscosity yezvinhu, zvinova zvakaoma kuti arc ibvise liquid molded pool metal, uye kudzika kwe weld kunopinda. Ukobvu hwe welded part hunokanganisa heat conduction mukati me welded part. Kana mamwe mamiriro akafanana, sezvo ukobvu hwe weld part huchiwedzera, kupisa kunowedzera, uye zvese hupamhi hwe weld uye kudzika kwekupinda kunoderera.
5. Flux, electrode coating uye shielding gas
Magadzirirwo akasiyana efluxes kana electrode coatings anotungamira mukudonha kwakasiyana kwemagetsi munzvimbo dze electrode dze arc uye ma gradients akasiyana e arc column, izvo zvichakanganisa kuumbwa kwe weld. Kana flux iine density yakaderera, saizi hombe ye particles, kana kukwirira kudiki kwe stacking, kumanikidzwa kwakatenderedza arc kwakaderera, arc column inokura, uye arc spot ine mafambiro makuru. Naizvozvo, kupinda kwayo kudiki, weld width yakakura, uye reinforcement idiki. Kana high-power arc welding ichishandiswa welding workpieces gobvu, kushandisa pumice-like flux kunogona kuderedza arc pressure, kuderedza kupinda kwayo, uye kuwedzera weld width. Pamusoro pezvo, welding slag inofanira kunge iine viscosity yakakodzera uye melting tembiricha. Kana viscosity yakakwira zvakanyanya kana melting tembiricha yakakwira, slag ichave isina mhepo yakanaka, uye zviri nyore kugadzira depressions dzakawanda pamusoro weld, zvichikonzera weld surface formation isina kunaka.
Kuumbwa kwemagasi ekudzivirira ekubatanidza arc (akadai seAr, He, N2, CO2) kwakasiyana, uye hunhu hwavo hwepanyama hwakadai sekupisa kunochinjawo. Izvi zvinoita kuti kudonha kwevoltage yenzvimbo yepolar uye gradient inogona kuitika yekoramu yearc, chikamu checonductive cross-section yekoramu yearc, simba rekuyerera kweplasma, uye kugoverwa kwekupisa kwakasiyana. Zvese izvi zvinokanganisa kuumbwa kwe weld seams.
Muchidimbu, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kugadzirwa kwesimbi. Kuti uwane kugadzirwa kwakanaka kwesimbi, zvakakosha kusarudza nzira dzakakodzera dzesimbi uye mamiriro esimbi esimbi yesimbi zvichienderana nezvinhu uye ukobvu hwechikamu chakasungirirwa, nzvimbo yesimbi, chimiro chesimbi, mamiriro ekushanda, zvinodiwa pakushanda kwesimbi uye saizi yesimbi. Panguva imwe chete, chinhu chakakosha maonero emubatsiri wesimbi pamusoro pesimbi! Zvikasadaro, kugadzirwa kwesimbi uye mashandiro ayo zvinogona kusasangana nezvinodiwa, uye kunyange zvikanganiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimbi zvinogona kuoneka.
